Objectives:
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to:
•	Successfully fly a VOR approach with the attitude and/or heading indicators inoperative.
•	Successfully fly an NDB approach with the attitude and/or heading indicators inoperative.
•	Successfully fly a LOC or full ILS approach with the attitude and/or heading indicators inoperative.
Elements:
•	Instrument Cross Check
•	Instrument Interpretation
•	Aircraft Control
Schedule:
•	Pre-lesson briefing								00:10
•	Preflight									00:10
•	VOR Approaches (partial panel)							00:15
•	NDB Approaches (partial panel)							00:15
•	LOC or ILS Approaches (partial panel)						00:15
•	Radar Approachs (partial panel)							00:15
•	Post-lesson debriefing								00:10
Total:	01:30
Equipment:
•	IFR Capable, airworthy airplane with standard flight instruments and appropriate navigation equipment (VOR, ADF, LOC/Glideslope receiver, Marker beacon receiver).
•	View limiting Device (Foggles, Hood, etc.)
•	Suction cup instrument covers or sticky notes.
•	Appropriate IFR departure, en-route, arrival and approach charts. 
Instructor Actions:
1.	Pre-lesson briefing
•	Present lesson objective and outline of the lesson.
•	Discuss which instruments are substituted for failed attitude indicator and heading indicator for various phases of flight.
2.	Preflight 
•	Observe that the student performs the proper preflight checks of the instruments, navigation equipment and airplane systems appropriate for an IFR flight.
3.	VOR Approaches(partial panel).
•	Coach student through one or more VOR approaches with both the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered.
4.	NDB Approaches (partial panel)
•	Coach student through one or more NDB approaches with both the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered.
5.	LOC or Full ILS approaches (partial panel).
•	Coach student through one or more LOC or ILS approaches with both the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered.
•	If available in the area coach student through a back-course approach.
6.	Radar Approaches (partial panel)
•	With the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered, issue ATC like commands to the student to simulate an ASR or PAR approach. (If available at a nearby airport, real ASR or PAR approaches may be performed).
7.	Post Lesson Debriefing
•	Critique student’s performance of maneuvers with constructive suggestions to improve technique.
•	Answer student questions.
•	Ask student questions to evaluate what was learned.
•	Explain what will be covered in the next lesson and assign reading material.
Student Actions:
1.	Pre-lesson briefing
•	Ask questions concerning previous lessons and/or this one.
2.	Preflight 
•	Student performs the proper preflight checks of the instruments, navigation equipment and airplane systems appropriate for an IFR flight.
3.	VOR Approaches(partial panel).
•	Student will fly one or more VOR approaches with both the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered.
4.	NDB Approaches (partial panel)
•	Student will fly one or more NDB approaches with both the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered.
5.	LOC or Full ILS approaches (partial panel).
•	Student will fly one or more LOC or ILS approaches with both the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered.
•	If available in the area student will fly a back-course approach both the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered.
6.	Radar Approaches (partial panel)
•	With the attitude indicator and heading indicator covered, the student will follow ATC like commands from the instructor to simulate an ASR or PAR approach. (If available at a nearby airport, real ASR or PAR approaches may be performed).
7.	Post-flight debriefing.
•	Ask questions about the lesson.
Completion Standards:
This lesson will be completed when the student is able to fly VOR, NDB, LOC and ILS approaches as published, with the attitude indicator and heading indicator inoperative.
Common Errors:
•	Improper instrument scan technique, for example fixating on a single instrument.
•	Improper instrument interpretation.
•	Failure to maintain coordinated flight in turns.
•	Failure to periodically check the heading indicator against the magnetic compass.
References:
•	Instrument Flying Handbook (AC 61-27C)
•	Instrument PTS Area of Operation VII Task D
Possible Review Questions: