Objectives:
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will:
•	Be able to fly an NDB approach according to the published procedure.
•	Be able to identify the missed approach point and initiate the published missed approach procedure.
•	Be able to execute a straight-in or circling landing from the missed approach point. 
Elements:
•	Use of ADF.
•	Wind drift correction.
•	Power, attitude and airspeed management.
Schedule:
•	Pre-lesson briefing								00:10
•	Pre-Flight and possibly flight to another airport					00:20
•	Practice NDB approaches and return flight					00:50
•	Post-lesson debriefing								00:10
Total:	01:30
Equipment:
•	IFR Capable airplane (with ADF)
•	View limiting device
•	Appropriate departure procedure, en-route, STAR and approach charts.
Instructor Actions:
1.	Pre-lesson briefing
•	Present lesson objective.
•	Describe what will take place during the lesson.
•	Review NDB approaches to be flown during the lesson
•	Bearings to be followed
•	Procedure turns/holding patterns
•	Step-down fixes
•	Missed approach point identification
•	Missed approach procedure
•	Power, attitude and airspeed management
2.	Pre-flight and possible flight to another airport
•	Observe that the student performs the proper preflight checks of the instruments, navigation equipment and airplane systems appropriate for an IFR flight.
•	Observe that the student determines when the last VOR check was performed on the airplane and determines whether it was within the last 30 days. If not, have the student perform the check.
•	If the approaches are to be flown at another airport, use the time to practice the student’s general instrument flying skills. With the student wearing the view limiting device, give him or her instructions to fly various headings, perform standard rate turns, climbs and descents, etc.
3.	Practice NDB approaches and return flight.
•	Demonstrate first NDB approach and describe actions being taken.
•	Radio and NDB receiver settings (NDB identification).
•	Indicate arrival at the missed approach point and fly the published missed approach procedure.
•	Have student put on the view limiting device and fly the approach.
•	Issue ATC-like instructions to the student as appropriate to set him or her up for the approach.
•	Coach as necessary through the approach.
•	Have the student identify the missed approach point and fly the missed procedure.
•	Repeat as many times as necessary but have the student complete the approach using straight-in and circling approaches to landing as appropriate.
•	If the approaches were performed at another airport, use the time on the flight back to practice the student’s general instrument flying skills. With the student wearing the view limiting device, give him or her instructions to fly various headings, perform standard rate turns, climbs and descents, etc.
4.	Post Lesson Debriefing
•	Critique student’s performance of maneuvers with constructive suggestions to improve technique.
•	Answer student questions.
•	Ask student questions to evaluate what was learned.
•	Explain what will be covered in the next lesson and assign reading material.
Student Actions:
1.	Pre-lesson briefing
•	Ask questions concerning previous lessons and/or this one.
2.	Pre-Flight and possible flight to another airport
•	The student performs the proper preflight checks of the instruments, navigation equipment and airplane systems appropriate for an IFR flight.
•	If the approaches are to be flown at another airport, the student will use the time to practice the general instrument flying skills. Wearing the view limiting device, the student will follow instructor given instructions to fly various headings, perform standard rate turns, climbs and descents, etc.
3.	Practice NDB approaches and return flight.
•	Student will follow instructor demonstration and explanation of a complete NDB approach and missed approach procedure.
•	Wearing the view-limiting device the student will fly a complete approach including the missed approach procedure.
•	Student will follow instructor given ATC-like instructions to set him or her up for the approach.
•	Student will identify the missed approach point and initiate the published missed approach procedure.
•	Repeat as many times as necessary but complete the approach using straight-in and circling approaches to landing as appropriate.
•	If the approaches were flown at another airport, the student will use the time on the return flight to practice the general instrument flying skills. Wearing the view limiting device, the student will follow instructor given instructions to fly various headings, perform standard rate turns, climbs and descents, etc.
4.	Post-flight debriefing.
•	Ask questions about the lesson.
Completion Standards:
This lesson will be completed when the student is able to:
•	Follow an NDB approach course, holding the bearing within 100.
•	Apply proper power, attitude and airspeed control on the approach.
•	Identify the missed approach point and fly the published missed approach procedure.
•	Complete the approach using straight-in or circling approaches to landing as appropriate.
Common Errors:
•	Failure to properly identify the NDB and determine whether or not it is operational.
•	Failure to apply proper wind correction while following a bearing; chasing the needle.
•	Failure to apply proper power, attitude and airspeed management.
References:
•	Instrument Flying Handbook (AC-61-27C); Chapter XII.
•	Instrument PTS Area of Operation VI Task B, D, E and F.
Possible Review Questions: