Objectives:
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will:
•	Be able to fly standard and non-standard holding patterns in accordance with ATC clearances.
•	Be able to determine the appropriate entry procedure for holding patterns.
•	Be able to adjust the holding pattern to compensate for the effects of wind.
Elements:
•	Holding instructions
•	Clearance readback
•	Clearance shorthand notation
•	Holding pattern entry procedures
•	Wind correction techniques
Schedule:
•	Pre-lesson briefing								00:15
•	Preflight airplane								00:10
•	Receive, copy and readback departure and route clearance from instructor	00.05
•	Fly route as prescribed by clearance and simulated ATC instructions en-route	00:15
•	Receive, copy and readback simulated ATC holding instructions			00:05
•	Fly the holding pattern specified in the clearance				00:10
•	Repeat for several different holding procedures					00:20
•	Post-lesson debriefing								00:10
Total:	01:30
Equipment:
•	CRAFT – RVR Forms
•	Appropriate Departure procedure, STARs and Approach charts.
•	Appropriate IFR en-route charts.
•	Airplane suitably equipped for IFR flight
•	View limiting device 
Instructor Actions:
1.	Pre-lesson briefing
•	Present lesson objective and outline of the lesson.
•	Describe appropriate entry procedures for holding patterns
•	Direct entry
•	Teardrop entry
•	Parallel entry
•	Describe standard (right hand turns) and non-standard (left-hand turns) holding patterns.
•	Describe procedures for compensating for wind.
•	Crabbing to compensate for crosswind components
•	Adjusting outbound leg time to achieve 1 minute inbound leg time
2.	Preflight airplane.
•	Observe that the student performs the proper preflight checks of the instruments, navigation equipment and airplane systems appropriate for an IFR flight.
3.	Obtain and readback clearance.
•	Instructor will give the student a departure and route clearance
•	Observe that the student copies and reads the clearance back accurately and in a timely manner.
•	Observe that the student sets the communications and navigation equipment appropriately based on the clearance received.
4.	Fly route as prescribed by clearance and simulated ATC instructions en-route.
•	Coach as necessary
•	Issues new instruction while en-route, observe that the student correctly copies and reads back the instructions, then complies.
5.	Receive, copy and readback simulated ATC holding instructions.
•	Instructor will give the student holding instructions.
•	Observe that the student copies and reads back the instruction correctly and in a timely manner.
•	Observe that the student sets radios and navigation equipment appropriately.
•	Observe that the student determines the correct entry procedure for the hold.
6.	Fly the holding pattern specified in the clearance.
•	Coach as necessary.
7.	Post Lesson Debriefing
•	Critique student’s performance of tasks with constructive suggestions to improve technique.
•	Answer student questions.
•	Ask student questions to evaluate what was learned.
•	Explain what will be covered in the next lesson and assign reading material.
Student Actions:
1.	Pre-lesson briefing
•	Ask questions concerning previous lessons and/or this one.
2.	Preflight airplane.
•	The student performs the proper preflight checks of the instruments, navigation equipment and airplane systems appropriate for an IFR flight.
3.	Obtain and readback clearance.
•	The student will copy and readback the departure and route clearance given by the instructor.
•	The student sets the communications and navigation equipment appropriately based on the clearance received.
4.	Fly route as prescribed by clearance and simulated ATC instructions en-route.
•	Student will depart and fly the route in accordance with the clearance received.
5.	Receive, copy and readback simulated ATC holding instructions.
•	Instructor will give the student holding instructions
•	Student copies and reads back the holding instructions given by the instructor correctly and in a timely manner.
•	Student sets radios and navigation equipment appropriately.
•	Student determines the correct entry procedure for the hold.
6.	Fly the holding pattern specified in the clearance.
•	Student performs the correct entry procedure.
•	Student applies proper techniques to compensate for effects of wind.
7.	Post-flight debriefing.
•	Ask questions about the lesson.
Completion Standards:
This lesson will be completed when the student is able to:
•	Receive, copy and readback ATC holding instructions.
•	Determine the correct entry procedure for the specified holding pattern.
•	Fly the holding pattern compensating for the effects of wind.
Common Errors:
•	Student misinterprets the holding instruction.
•	Student fails to ask for an EFC time if none is given..
•	Student selects the wrong entry procedure for the hold.
•	Student fails to correctly compensate for wind effects.
References:
•	Instrument Flying Handbook (AC 61-27C); Chapter XII
•	Instrument PTS Area of Operation III Task C
Possible Review Questions: